New York City - New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area
The New York City Metropolitan area represents the largest city and metro in America with more than 18 million residents. African Americans have a rich history in this region even before the civil war.
The New York Metro Black population is the largest of any city in the United States at close to 3.5 million. This is almost 9% of the entire Black population of the United States. New York City Proper has more than 2.4 million African Americans.
New York City
The largest most concentrated Black population in America consists of more than 900,000 African Americans living in a 4 mile square area in the New York Borough of Brooklyn. Harlem, located at the north end of Manhattan is still the most dense (people per square mile) Black community in the nation.
New York enjoys a more diverse Black population than most cities. 935,512 of the areas residents where born outside of the US and 413,669 of them are still not American citizens. The majority (84.4%) of Foreign-born Black residents are from the Caribbean. 13.0% are immigrants from Africa and 1.6% are rom Europe.
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Brooklyn
Bronx
Queens
Manhattan
Harlem
Statan Island
Nassau County
Suffolk County
Westchester
Rockland
906,576 35.7%
489,835 35.4%
458,289 20.1%
276,411 17.0%
153,000
51,339 10.6%
156,152 11.5%
120,761 8.0%
141,699 14.9%
35,592 12.0%
HARLEM
1905 Philip Payton and his company, the Afro-American Realty Company, was almost single-handedly responsible for migration of blacks from their previous neighborhoods. He did this by buying, leasing, and selling empty and white owned properties to Blacks without apologies for and against the white tenets objections
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Less than two decades later African Americans from the south fuled the Great Migration, taking trains from southern U.S. states, especially Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia, As blacks moved in, white residents left; between 1920 and 1930, 118,792 white people left the neighborhood and 87,417 blacks arrived.
There were also many immigrants from the British West Indies. In the 1920s, Harlem was the center of a blossoming of black culture and became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a time of artistic, educational, and overall cultural production.
After The Great Depression and the loss of industrialization after WWII brought more poverty and crime to New York and especially Harlem. By 1960 more than half of Harlem's housing was considered to be less than sound. Complaints included rats, falling plaster, lack of heat, and unsanitary plumbing. Harlem's population began to decline quickly. It's population finally bottomed out in 1990, at 101,026. Decreasing by 57% from its peak of 237,468 in 1950.
During the mid 1990s Harlem experienced an influx of middle class Black, white, Asian, and Hispanics. This gentrification was driven by rising prices on lower areas of Manhattan as well as an overall reduction of crime, and changes in city policy.
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/4414/The-Afro-American-Realty-Company.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem
B
At 36 % of the 2.5 million borough residents, Brooklyn demographically is the borough with the highest concentration of black residents, with over 900,000 blacks (roughly 40% of New York City's black population) residing in Brooklyn. The historical cultural center of the borough has long been Bedford-Stuyvesant which became Majority Black in the 1930s following the construction of the A line subway between Harlem and Bedford.[2] Neighborhoods surrounding Bedford-Stuyvesant in Northern and Eastern Brooklyn are also majority African American such as Brownsville, Canarsie, Crown Heights, East Flatbush, Prospect Lefferts-Gardens, East New York, and Fort Greene. Together these neighborhoods have a population of about 940,000 and are roughly 82% African American making it the largest Black community in the United States. [2] The roads of Eastern Parkway, Malcolm X Boulevard, Kings Highway, Broadway, Atlantic Avenue, Linden Boulevard, Flatlands Avenue and Jackie Robinson Parkway connect several of these neighborhoods. In addition, Blacks make up a substantial percentage of the residents in public housing throughout the borough.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Brooklyn
Many neighborhoods in Eastern and Northern Brooklyn are home to a high number of Hispanics mainly from Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Central America. Hispanics comprise approxiametly 19% of the borough's residents and are mainly concentrated in neighborhoods in the East and Northeast sections of Brooklyn. Hispanics have become the majority in former Black neighborhoods such as Bushwick, East Williamsburg and Cypress Hills. Sunset Park, in South Brooklyn is also home to a large Hispanic community.
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By the 1850s, Weeksville had more than 500 residents from all over the East Coast (as well as two people born in Africa). Almost 40 percent of residents were southern-born, and nearly one-third of the men over 21 owned land.
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1970s and early 1980s, Flatbush experienced a shift in demographics as it went from being a mostly White, Irish, Italian and Jewish community to a mostly Black, West Indian community.
The African American migration to Queens began about the time of the first World's Fair and the completion of the Triborough Bridge in the 1940s. Initial migration from Harlem lead to the apartments of Northern Queens such as parts of East Elmhurst and Corona. But the major migration into Southeast Queens began after World War II. Builders in Long Island were responding to the cities oivercrowding and to White soldiors comming back from the war by building massive suburban developments on Long Island such as Levittown. This helped to escalate White flight wich emptied out many homes in Southeast Queens. Middle class Black families from Brooklyn and Harlem took advantage of this and purchased homes in large numbers.
Housing prices began to fall in the 70s at the same time as numbers of immigrants from the Carribian began to move in. West Indians, those mostly from Jamaica, Trinidad, Barbados, Grenada, and other Caribbean island-nations were able to move to the US because of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Immigration Act.
From 1965 and until about 1990vthe number of West Indians (or Caribbeans) migrating to America skyrocketed.
Today parts of South Jamaica, South Ozone Park and Far Rockaway have low-income housing and quality of life problems. However much of southeast Queens such as Cambria Heights, Hollis, Laurelton, and Saint Albans, is an area of middle-class neat detatched houses with manicured lawns. In the new milenium African americans in Queens have a higher median income than Whites. The hard working and very educated West Indian populations has much to do with this when added to the population of post- Civil war Black americans.
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However in the 1950s, what was later called white flight began and middle-income African Americans started taking their place. After the 1970s, as housing prices began to tumble, many Hispanic and west Indian immigrants moved in. These ethnic groups tended to stay more towards the Jamaica Avenue and South Jamaica areas. Yet it wasn't until the late 1990s and early 2000s that immigration from other countries became widespread.
Queens has always been a gold coast of sorts for blacks in New York.
Irving told the story of a borough that was always seen not as a first step or a last resort, but as a place to move up into — while “The Jeffersons” had “the east side” and their “deluxe apartment in the sky,” many of Queens’ blacks left cramped walk-ups or projects in Harlem or Brooklyn for this borough’s open skies, fresh air and green backyards.
parts of East Elmhurst and Corona and most of southeast Queens — maintaining black populations of 70 percent or more.
The contemporary identity of Queens as a major destination for blacks began around the time of the first World’s Fair and the building of the Triborough Bridge in the 1940s. After the widespread development of northern Queens for the Fair, and the opening up of access to the borough with the bridge, a significant migration of blacks from Harlem started. Most of those early intra-city migrants lived in the apartment buildings and attached housing of that part of the borough.
Around the same time, another development led to the population of southeast Queens by blacks from Brooklyn.
Levittown opened up in Long Island, making available hundreds of homes for the people of Queens to move into. Blacks weren’t allowed in, though. A significant “white flight” began in which many of southeast Queens’ families — many of them soldiers returning from World War II — moved out to the huge suburban housing project. This emptying of the population led to a lot of housing becoming suddenly available and the more prosperous blacks from nearby Brooklyn stepped in on the heels of the departing whites.
Moving to southeast Queens was how black people in Brooklyn “moved up in the world,”
Still today, southeast Queens retains that air of upward mobility.
Though parts of South Jamaica, South Ozone Park and Far Rockaway are occupied by apartment buildings and low-income housing and their corresponding quality of life problems, much of southeast Queens is an area of middle-class prosperity confirmed by neat houses — some of them small mansions — and meticulously manicured landscaping.
the median income of black families in Queens exceeded that of white families in the borough, mostly with the help of southeast Queens’ black families, many with two working professionals at the head of the household.
Getting Here From There
West Indians — or those mostly from Jamaica, Trinidad, Barbados, Grenada, and other Caribbean island-nations, as well as nearby Guyana — have been coming to Queens since the turn of the century, but really exploded as a population after the 1965 Hart-Cellar Immigration Act, which opened the doors of America to almost every immigrant group in the country today.
The population of Caribbean nations tripled between 1940 and 1980, and particularly starting in 1965 and until about 1990, according to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the number of West Indians (or Caribbeans; the terms are interchangeable) leaving their countries for America skyrocketed.
Most went to Brooklyn, establishing a major base in Crown Heights, but many also came to the black neighborhoods of Queens
http://www.queenstribune.com/anniversary2002/africanamericans.htm
According to the 2000 Census, New York City has the largest population of self-defined black residents of any U.S. city, with over 2 million within the city's boundaries. New York City had more Black people than the entire state of California until the 2000 Census. Many of the city´s black residents live in Brooklyn and The Bronx. Several of the city's neighborhoods are historical birthplaces of urban black culture in America, among them the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford–Stuyvesant and Manhattan's Harlem and various sections of Eastern Queens and The Bronx. Bedford-Stuyvesant is considered to have the highest concentration of black residents in the United States. New York City has the largest population of black immigrants (at 686,814) and descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean (especially from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Belize, Grenada, and Haiti), and of sub-Saharan Africans. In a news item of April 3, 2006, however, the New York Times noted that for the first time since the American Civil War, the recorded African American population was declining, because of emigration to other regions, a declining African American birthrate in New York, and decreased immigration of blacks from the Caribbean and Africa.[49]
In 2005, the median income among black households in Queens was almost $52,000 a year, surpassing that of whites. However, while some of this is because of middle class African American neighboorhoods in Queens it also is because of white emigration from Queens and comparison to elderly whites who are left behind who may be on retirement or fixed incomes and no longer working.[50]
New York's Black Population
QUEENS
The African American migration to Queens began about the time of the first World's Fair and the completion of the Triborough Bridge in the 1940s. Initial migration came from Harlem leading to parts of northern Queens such as East Elmhurst and Corona. But the major migration into southeast Queens began after World War II. Builders in Long Island were responding to the cities overcrowding and to White soldiers coming back from the war by building massive suburban developments on Long Island such as Levittown. This helped to escalate White flight which emptied out many homes in southeast Queens. Middle class Black families from Brooklyn and Harlem took advantage of this and purchased homes in large numbers.
Housing prices began to fall in the 70s at the same time as numbers of immigrants from the Caribbean began to move in. West Indians, those mostly from Jamaica, Trinidad, Barbados, Grenada, and other Caribbean island-nations were able to move to the US because of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Immigration Act. From 1965 and until about 1990 the number of West Indians (or Caribbean’s) migrating to America skyrocketed.
Today parts of South Jamaica, South Ozone Park and Far Rockaway have low-income housing and quality of life problems. However, much of southeast Queens such as Cambria Heights, Hollis, Laurelton, and Saint Albans, is an area of middle-class neat detached houses with manicured lawns. In the new millennium African Americans in Queens have a higher median income than Whites. The hard working and very educated West Indian populations has much to do with this when added to the population of post- Civil War Black Americans.
http://www.queenstribune.com/anniversary2002/africanamericans.htm
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